The first two references are the primary references for the
smoothing programs. References taken from these reports are shown here.
Also, the book by Gary Knott has an excellent reference list and bibliography
on spline interpolation.
Reference 17 by Selig illustrates the importance of smoothing in obtaining
good aerodynamic predictions.
Collins, Leslie and Saunders, David:
PROFILE: Airfoil Geometry Manipulation and Display.
NASA Contractor Report 177332, February 1997.
Abbott, Ira H.; and Von Doenhoff, Albert E.:
Theory of Wing Sections.
Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1959.
Garabedian, P.R.:
Transonic Airfoil Codes.
NASA CP-2045, Advanced Technology Airfoil Research, Volume I, Part 1, 1979.
Stevens, W. A.; Goradia, S. H.; and Braden, J.A.:
Mathematical Model for Two-Dimensional Multi-Component
Airfoils in Viscous Flow.
NASA Contractor Report CR-1843, 1971.
Eppler, Richard; and Somers, Dan M.:
A Computer Program for the Design and Analysis of Low-Speed Airfoils.
NASA Technical Memorandum 80210, 1980.
Reinsch, Christian H.:
Smoothing by Spline Functions.
Numerische Mathematik, Vol. 10, no. 3, 1967, pp. 177-183.
Hildebrand, Francis B.:
Methods of Applied Mathematics.
Second Edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965.
Gill, P. E., W. Murray,W. and Pitfield, R.A.:
The Implementation of Two Revised Quasi-Newton Algorithms
for Unconstrained Optimization
National Physical Laboratory,
Division of Numerical Analysis and Computing Report No. NAC 11, April, 1972.
Gill, P. E., W. Murray, W. and Wright, M.H.:
Practical Optimization
London, Academic Press, 1981.
Hicks, R. M., and G. N. Vanderplaats, G.N.:
Application of NumericaI Optimization
to the Design of Supercritical Airfoils Without Drag Creep.
SAE Paper 770440, 1977.