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<h1>What is the Maximum Deflection of a Supersonic Stream
   with an Attached Shock Wave ?</h1>
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<p>
If the mathematical expressions do not display properly on your browser,
you may <a href="maxramp1.pdf">view the page in PDF</a>. 
I have a page to help you
<a href="mathml.htm">get started with MathML</a>.</p>

<p>
The deflection angle, delta, for a given wave angle, theta,
and a given Mach number M is governed by</p>

<math mode="display" xmlns="&mathml;">
<mrow><mi>cot</mi><mi>&delta;</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>tan</mi><mi>&theta;</mi><mrow><mo>[</mo>
<mfrac><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>&gamma;</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup><mi>M</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup><mi>M</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow>
</msup>
<mi>sin</mi><msup><mi></mi><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup>
<mi>&theta;</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow>
</math>


<p>This is Eq. 138 of NACA report
1135 and is illustrated in the following chart.</p>
<p>
<img id="chart2" src="chart2.png" 
   alt="Chart 2 from NACA 1135" />
</p>
<p class="nowrap">
For a given upstream Mach number, there is a maximum value of
deflection angle and you can read the value on the y-axis.
If you are writing a computer code and you need a function that
returns the maximum deflection angle for a given Mach number,
what equation do you use? 
If you want a fast routine that gives you this result, simply use 
BrentMin on Eq. 138.
BrentMin is one of the members of the library of
<a href="fmm.htm">Computer Methods for Mathematical Computation</a>
downloadable from this site.
You are looking for a maximum of deflection angle, delta, and
BrentMin finds a minimum.
But, you are in luck, because Eq. 138 returns cot(delta) and a 
minimum of cot(delta) is a maximum of delta. Cool.
If you want to go thru the details, see the
<a href="maxramp2.xml">numerics page</a>.
The results are summarized below.
</p>

<p>
<img src="maxramp.png" 
   alt="curve of max Ramp vs. Mach" height="400px" width="500px" />
</p>

<table id="results" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
<tr><th>Mach</th><th>delta,deg</th></tr>
<tr><td>   1.05</td><td>   0.56</td></tr>
<tr><td>   1.10</td><td>   1.52</td></tr>
<tr><td>   1.20</td><td>   3.94</td></tr>
<tr><td>   1.30</td><td>   6.66</td></tr>
<tr><td>   1.40</td><td>   9.43</td></tr>
<tr><td>   1.60</td><td>  14.65</td></tr>
<tr><td>   1.80</td><td>  19.18</td></tr>
<tr><td>   2.00</td><td>  22.97</td></tr>
<tr><td>   2.50</td><td>  29.80</td></tr>
<tr><td>   3.00</td><td>  34.07</td></tr>
<tr><td>   4.00</td><td>  38.77</td></tr>
<tr><td>   5.00</td><td>  41.12</td></tr>
<tr><td>   6.00</td><td>  42.44</td></tr>
<tr><td>   8.00</td><td>  43.79</td></tr>
<tr><td>  10.00</td><td>  44.43</td></tr>
</table>

<p></p>


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